Advanced Procurement — Multi-Practices in Stages Law Process Method
Procurement is the process of finding and agreeing to terms, and acquiring goods, services, or works from an external source, often via a tendering or competitive bidding process. Procurement generally involves making buying decisions under conditions of scarcity. If sound data is available, it is good practice to make use of economic analysis methods such as cost-benefit analysis or cost-utility analysis. Procurement is used to ensure the buyer receives goods, services, or works at the best possible price when aspects such as quality, quantity, time, and location are compared. Corporations and public bodies often define processes intended to promote fair and open competition for their business while minimizing risks such as exposure to fraud and collusion.
Article Format & Types
An important distinction should be made between analyses without risk and those with risk. Where risk is involved, either in the costs or the benefits, the concept of best value should be employed. Procurement activities are also often split into two distinct categories, direct and indirect spend. Direct spend refers to the production-related procurement that encompasses all items that are part of finished products, such as raw material, components and parts. Direct procurement, which is the focus in supply chain management, directly affects the production process of manufacturing firms. In contrast, indirect procurement concerns non-production-related acquisition: obtaining “operating resources” which a company purchases to enable its operations. Indirect procurement comprises a wide variety of goods and services, from standardized items like office supplies and machine lubricants to complex and costly products and services like heavy equipment, consulting services, and outsourcing services.
Formats for Science Repository Contributions: Original articles, reviews, abstracts, addendums, announcements, article-commentaries, book reviews, rapid communications, letters to the editor, annual meeting abstracts, conference proceedings, calendars, case-reports, corrections, discussions, meeting-reports, news, obituaries, orations, product reviews, hypotheses and analyses
Guidelines – Case Reports
Case Reports Sample
Cover Letter
All submissions should be accompanied by 500 words or less cover letter briefly stating the significance of the research, agreement of authors for publication, number of figures and tables, supporting manuscripts, and supplementary information.
Also, include current telephone and fax numbers, as well as postal and E-mail address of corresponding author to maintain communication.
Stage Preparation Guidelines
Manuscript title: The title should be limited to 25 words or less and should not contain abbreviations. The title should be a brief phrase describing the contents of the paper.
Author Information: Authors and Affiliations: All author names should be listed in the following order:
Law Firm or Jurisdiction
First names (or initials, if used)
Middle names (or initials, if used)
Last names (surname, family name)
Abstract
Abstract should describe the main objective of the study. It should not exceed more than 300 words. Briefly explain the most important results and their significance. Standard nomenclature should be used, and abbreviations should be avoided. The preferable format should accommodate a description of the study background, methods, results and conclusion. Following the abstract, a list of keywords (3–10) and abbreviations should be included.
Text
Introduction: The introduction to the stage should set the tone of the paper by providing a clear statement of the legal framework, the relevant law practices on the attached subject and the proposed approach or solution. The introduction should be general enough to attract a reader’s attention from a broad range of law enforcement disciplines and a clear approach to the processing of informations.
Materials and Methods: This section should provide a complete overview of the design of the study. Detailed descriptions of materials or participants, comparisons, interventions and types of analysis should be mentioned. However, only new procedures should be described in detail; previously published procedures should be cited, and important modifications of published procedures should be mentioned briefly. Capitalize trade names and include the manufacturer’s name and address.
Results, Discussion, and Conclusions: This category can be separate or combined to create the results. It does not have any word limit, but the language should be precise. It should explain the result and conclusion of the research.
Acknowledgement: This section includes acknowledgment of people, grant details, funds, etc.
Documents References: Only published or accepted publications should be included in the reference list. Meetings abstracts, conference talks, or papers that have been submitted but not yet accepted should not be cited. All personal communications should be supported by a letter from the relevant publications.
Law practices uses the numbered citation (citation-sequence) method. References are listed and numbered in the order that they appear in the text. In the text, law practices should be indicated by the reference number in brackets. Multiple law citations within a single set of brackets should be separated by commas. When there are three or more sequential law citations, they should be given as a range. Example:
«… Main authorisation for use of resources for 2014–15 (1)The amount up to which there is authorisation for the use of resources for the year ending with 31 March 2015 is increased by £335,914,586,000. (2)Of the amount authorised by subsection (1) — (a)£302,541,932,000 is authorised for use for current purposes; and (b)£33,372,654,000 is authorised for use for capital purposes. [There are currently no known outstanding effects for the Supply and Appropriation (Main Estimates) Act 2014, Section 1.]».
Make sure the parts of the practices are in the correct order for the relevant journal before ordering the citations. Figure captions and tables should be at the end of the practice.
Because all references will be linked electronically as much as possible to the papers they cite, proper formatting of the references is crucial. Please use the following style for the reference list:
Examples:
Before exit: Legislation originating from the EU
As a member of the European Union, section 2 of the European Communities Act 1972 (c. 68) made provision for EU legislation to become law in the UK in two ways. Some EU legislation was directly applicable to the UK. This meant that it applied automatically in UK law, without any action required by the UK. This legislation is published on the EUR-Lex website. Other EU legislation required domestic implementing legislation before it became national law. UK legislation that implemented EU legislation was generally in the form of secondary legislation made under section 2(2) of the European Communities Act 1972 (c. 68), though sometimes primary legislation, or secondary legislation made under another Act, was used. Implementing legislation is published on legislation.gov.uk, as part of the UK statute book. For example, see The Re-use of Public Sector Information Regulations 2005 that implemented the EU Directive on the re-use of public sector information (Directive (EC) No. 2003/98).
Letter to the Authorities
Supports, refutes, or adds relevant information related to a previously publication
The letter should not be divided into sections.
An abstract is not required.
Authorities correcting their own work or responding to a critique of their article by a reader(s)
To start a prosecution, the lawyer doesn’t necessary have to be a District Prosecutor, you just need to do the same law processing that consist in a member of the public can bring a private prosecution for any offence, unless the offence is one for which the consent of the Attorney General (AG) or the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) is required before a prosecution can take place. S.6(1) of the PROSECUTION OF OFFENCES ACT 1985 (POA).
2. The private prosecution is commenced by laying an ‘information’ at, followed by the issue of a warrant by, a magistrate’s court. Rule 7.2 of the Criminal Procedure Rules (Crim.PR).
LAYING AN INFORMATION
3. Before a warrant can be issued an information must be laid at a magistrate’s court. R.7.2(2) Crim.PR.
4. The information may be laid before a magistrate or a magistrate’s clerk. This must be done in writing. R.7.2(2) Crim.PR.
5. A written information is ‘laid’ as soon as it is received in the clerk’s office, even if it is not considered by a clerk or a magistrate until later (R v. Manchester Stipendiary Magistrate ex p. Hill [1983] 1 AC 238). No standard form has to be used; all that matters is that the document sent to the magistrate’s court contains the essential elements of an information. R v. Kennet Justices ex p Humphrey and Wyatt [1993] Crim. LR 787.
6. The written information must contain statement of the offence that:
( a.) Describes the offence in ordinary language. R.7.3(1)(a)(i) Crim.PR.
( b. ) Identifies any legislation that creates it. R.7.3(1)(a)(ii) Crim.PR.
( c. ) Contains such particulars of the conduct constituting the commission of the offence as to make clear what the prosecutor alleges against the defendant
7. More than one incident of the commission of the offence may be included in the allegation if those incidents taken together amount to a course of conduct having regard to the time, place or purpose of commission. R.7.3(2) Crim.PR.
ISSUING A WARRANT
8. Once an information has been laid, a magistrate or clerk may then issue a warrant.
9. In deciding whether or not to issue a warrant, the magistrate or clerk should ensure that:
( a. ) an offence known to law is alleged;
( b. ) it is not out of time;
( c. ) the court has jurisdiction;
( d. )the informant has the necessary authority to prosecute (R. v. Gateshead Justices ex p Tesco Stores Ltd. [1981] QB 470 at 478).
10. There is no obligation upon a magistrate or clerk to make any inquiries before issuing a warrant. A warrant may be issued without giving the parties an opportunity to make representations and without a hearing. R.7.4(1) Crim.PR.
TRANSFER TO THE CROWN COURT
11. In respect of anyone appearing before the magistrate’s court on an indictable only defence, the magistrate’s court must immediately transfer the case to the Crown Court. S.51(1) CRIME AND DISORDER ACT 1998.
THE DPP
12. With respect to certain qualifying offences committed outside of the U.K. a magistrate may not issue a warrant without the consent of the DPP. S.4(A) to s.4(D) MAGISTRATES COURT ACT 1980 (MCA).
13. In addition, and further to POA s.6(1), the AG or the DPP (as head of the Crown Prosecution Service [CPS] and under the general or special
directions of the AG) is always entitled to take over the conduct of the
private prosecution at any stage of the proceedings. POA s.6(2).
14. Once the DPP has taken over the conduct of the proceedings, he is free to discontinue them if he thinks it would be appropriate to do so. POA
s.23 — 24.
15. The private prosecutor is under no duty to inform the CPS that a private
prosecution has commenced. However, the CPS may become aware of a private prosecution by way of one of the following:
( a. ) where the Private Prosecutor requests that the CPS take over the prosecution;
( b. ) where the defendant asks the CPS to take over the prosecution;
( c. ) where a justices clerk refers a private prosecution to the CPS under section 7(4) of the POA, because the prosecution has been withdrawn or unduly delayed and there does not appear to be any good reason for the withdrawal or the delay;
( d. ) where a judge sends a report to the CPS;
( e. ) where the CPS learns of the private prosecution in another way, e.g. from a press report
16. Upon learning of a private prosecution, and if it so chooses, the CPS is entitled to request a full set of papers from the private prosecutor and the defendant/s. While the private prosecutor is obliged to comply with this request, the defendant is not.
17. Upon review of the case papers, the CPS may take over and continue with a private prosecution if it is demonstrated that
( a. ) the evidential sufficiency stage of the Full Code Test is met (i.e. can the evidence be used in court, is it reliable and is it sufficient to provide a realistic prospect of conviction); and
( b. ) the public interest stage of the Full Code Test is met; and
( c. ) there is a particular need for the CPS to take over the prosecution.
18. All three elements must be satisfied before the CPS can take over and continue with the prosecution.
19. Conversely, the CPS may take over and stop a private prosecution if, upon having reviewed the case papers, it has been demonstrated that:
( a. ) the evidential sufficiency stage of the Full Code Test is not met; or
( b. ) the public interest stage of the Full Code Test is not met; or
( c. ) even if the Full Code Test is met, where there is a particular need to do so because the prosecution is likely to damage the interests of justice, e.g.:
( i. ) the prosecution interferes with another criminal offence;
( ii. ) the prosecution interferes with the prosecution of another criminal charge; or
( iii. ) the prosecution is vexatious (within the meaning of s.42 Supreme Court Act 1981, as amended by section s.24 POA), or malicious.
20. Where there is more than one charge, this policy should be applied to each charge individually. R. v. PP, ex p. Duckenfield; R. Same, ex p. Murray; R. v. South Yorkshire Police Authority and anor, ex p. Chief Constable of the South Yorkshire Police; R. v. Same, ex p. Duckenfield [2000] W.L.R. 55, DC.
The letter will undergo peer-review similar to other practices.
All listed authorities must have made a significant contribution to the research presented in the lawsuit and approved all its claims. It is mandatory to include everyone who made a significant contribution towards the completion of the research work.
Any financial or personal interest that governs the findings or research in the prosecution stages along with the details of financial support and its sources should be revealed. Through the submission of the prosecution to the respective authorities has obligations that the prosecution neither is under consideration nor published in any other journal until the lawsuit sentence has been place.
