Abstract: The current state of digital engineering adoption falls short of its potential in terms of efficient data sharing and survey expertise in the field of civil engineering. There exists a disconnection between commercial management and geospatial surveyors, which has led to unsustainable practices in construction. To address this issue, our proposal emphasizes the importance of improved data management for sustainable growth in the construction industry. We believe that civil engineering surveyors should take the lead in bridging the gap between geospatial and commercial management through digital engineering, benefiting both the industry and society. To achieve this vision, the Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors (CICES) recognizes digital transformation as a crucial aspect for the future of the profession, ensuring its relevance beyond 2050. This paper identifies the barriers hindering the adoption of digital engineering, including information management, data sharing, and building information modeling (BIM) in infrastructure projects. It also outlines how surveyors can assess their digital maturity and take the necessary steps to overcome current and future challenges. In addition to individual efforts, this paper highlights the supportive roles of contracts, protocols, technology, education, training, standards, and professional bodies in enabling the desired change. A deeper understanding of the expertise of geospatial surveyors and commercial managers is crucial for informed decision-making in infrastructure projects. The paper recommends involving civil engineering surveyors earlier in the planning phase, as their input during this stage can significantly impact project outcomes. By understanding the required data, its accuracy, and its use in scenario planning, costing, scheduling, and monitoring, efficiency gains can be realized, leveraging the expertise of surveyors. The roles and engagement of surveyors throughout the project lifecycle are also outlined in the paper. The drafting of this paper involved the collaboration of over 30 surveyors, with the participation of industry bodies such as Survey4BIM, the UK BIM Alliance, Women in BIM, BIM4Heritage, and the BIM Academic Forum.

This article serves as a comprehensive guide to the world of jewellery, gemstones, and gold ingot sales, offering readers valuable insights and knowledge to navigate this intricate industry. It explores the art of jewellery-making, highlighting different materials and styles, while providing tips for selecting the perfect piece. The guide also delves into the realm of gemstones, discussing popular types, evaluating quality, and avoiding counterfeit items. Additionally, it delves into the allure of gold ingots as a secure investment, covering types, market trends, and best practices for buying, storing, and selling. The article emphasizes the importance of authenticity, ethical sourcing, and preserving valuable assets. It also offers guidance on selling jewellery, gemstones, and gold ingots, including avenues for resale and considerations for maximizing value. By equipping readers with comprehensive knowledge, this guide empowers them to make informed decisions and navigate the world of jewelleries, gemstones, and gold ingot sales with confidence.

Abstract: This article discusses the benefits of investing in developing countries, particularly in Africa, as a means of promoting economic growth and stability. The focus is on how governments and global companies are working together to improve the economic situation in Africa and how this can positively impact the global economy. The article highlights the potential for companies to access new markets and resources, as well as the social and environmental benefits that can come from promoting sustainable and responsible business practices. The overall message is that investing in developing countries can have far-reaching positive impacts for both local communities and the global community as a whole.

Abstract: This article explores the intersection of textiles and franchising in the modern world. With the use of financial automation and modeling, franchisees can streamline their financial processes and make data-driven decisions. Additionally, social media and “inspire” technology are powerful tools for brand building and customer engagement, which can lead to increased visibility and sales. The article discusses how these innovations are revolutionizing the textile industry and offers insights for textile entrepreneurs looking to position themselves for success in an increasingly competitive market.

Abstract: This handy guide is your quick reference to some of the key terms which are commonly used in describing BIM and its related processes, as well as your link to the key standards. If you or an organization you work with are using BIM, these terms will be familiar. This guide can be used by organizations across the supply chain. The global adoption of BIM continues to accelerate. Since the publication of the international standard ISO 19650, it is vital you understand the principles of information management.

Abstract: Modern human rights laws originate from agreements made by the international community in the immediate post Second World War years. The Universal Declaration on Human Rights 1948 is the first statement of these rights; it is a General Assembly Resolution and as such is not legally binding. These rights were brought into from as a regional instrument within the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950. These rights are legally binding by States that have ratified the Convention and in the present day can be enforced against governments of Member States of the Council of Europe by other states parties or by individuals within the jurisdiction of a Member State. The Human Rights Act 1998 illustrated a further commitment to human rights laws within the United Kingdom. It introduced the rights within the Convention into UK domestic law. This meant that complainants no longer need to take their case to the European Court on Human Rights to uphold their Convention rights, but could argue in a UK court that their human rights had been breached by government legislation. When a piece of legislation is challenged under human rights grounds the higher courts can either interpret the relevant law in accordance with the Convention right, or make a declaration of incompatibility if a provision was not capable of being interpreted in accordance with human rights guarantees. The Human Rights Act 1998 was introduced by the previous Labour government which was in power in the UK between 1997 and 2005. Since the Conservative party have taken power, both David Cameron and Teresa May have vowed to repeal the Human Rights Act 1998 and there has also been some discussion of withdrawing from the European Convention on Human Rights.

Abstract: This unit is designed to help you to study the Contract law of England and Wales. This guide is not a textbook and it must not be taken as a substitute for reading the texts, cases, statutory materials and journals referred to in it. The purpose of the guide is to take you through each topic in the syllabus for Contract law in a way which will help you to understand contract law. The guide is intended to ‘wrap around’ the recommended textbooks and casebook. It provides an outline of the major issues presented in this subject. Each chapter presents the most important substantive aspects of the topic and provides guidance as to essential and further reading. Each chapter also provides you with activities to test your understanding of the topic and self-assessment exercises designed to assist your progress. Feedback to many of these activities is available at the back of this guide. There are also sample examination questions, with appropriate feedback, which will assist you in your examination preparation and quick quizzes to measure your progress, with answers on the virtual learning environment (VLE). The method of study described is the result of the accumulated experience of highly experienced teachers and writers on this topic. Your knowledge of the subject will be maximised when you use this guide in the intended way. Any other approach (e.g. reading the feedback before or alongside the self-assessment) might give false confidence in your knowledge and ability to answer questions under examination conditions. In the study of contract law, it is essential to try to gain an understanding of the underlying basis of contract law — what the law is trying to do in response to particular issues. This is then supplemented and exemplified by a more detailed knowledge of its substantive principles. The rote memorisation of rules and cases alone will not equip you to analyse a legal problem or statement of the sort that form the basis of formative and summative examination in this subject. To do this you need to acquire an overview of the topic, understand its structure, parts and inter-relationships. When this is supplemented by a more detailed knowledge and skills of analysis you will be able to apply the law in written answers that gain maximum credit. To do this it is most likely that you will need to read passages or chapters in the guide (and the relevant suggested reading materials) several times in order to understand the principles of law being covered.

Abstract: Tort liability can be imposed in many instances that include negligent behaviour towards a person or land, negatively affecting a person’s reputation or limiting freedom of movement. This module will aim to explain and take you through how and why liability can be imposed on a defendant, giving you an in-depth understanding of the nature of tortious liability. There are many torts that will be discussed in this module. They include, for example, libel, slander, nuisance, negligence, trespass, assault and battery. Thus, it is not possible to provide one definition that encompasses all torts, considering how each tort has its own specific characteristics. It is, therefore, best to think of the law of tort as the law of behaviour that is legally ‘wrong’ or ’tortious’, giving rise to an entitlement to a remedy for the claimant.

Abstract: Criminal Law is one of the essential core subject areas required for a qualifying law degree. Crime is a common part of everyday life. Crime is around us in many forms and it is a feature of everyday news. Thus, most students will be familiar with what each offence is. However, it is important to understand that focus must be placed on legal principles derived form legislation and case law, as common conceptions of crime can be very different to its actual elements. Criminal liability can be imposed in many instances. There is no universal definition of crime in modern criminal law. This can change over time as a result of social and political influences. It is also important to differentiate between a criminal and a civil wrong. This module covers the most popular criminal law offences and will aim to explain and take you through how and why criminal liability can be imposed on a defendant, giving you an in-depth understanding of the nature of criminal liability. There are many offences that will be discussed in this module. They include, for example, murder, assault, fraud, sexual and property offenses and others. Thus, it is not possible to provide one definition that encompasses all these criminal offences, considering how each offence has its own specific elements.