Abstract: Following the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995, the Japanese government enacted legislation aimed at encouraging earthquake-resistant upgrades for buildings. This study assesses the effectiveness, efficiency, administrative feasibility, and technological incentives associated with these policies. Data indicates that the goal of enhancing the seismic safety of existing buildings should be reached by 2018 if current improvement trends persist. While the national government supports retrofitting of school buildings through local governments and guidelines, challenges remain in ensuring safety for all structures. These include persuading elderly homeowners to invest in seismic upgrades and fostering awareness among property owners about the importance of prioritizing building safety. Local governments have initiated various efforts, such as community seminars, financial support programs, seismic assessments, and earthquake hazard mapping. Additionally, the paper offers suggestions for enhancing existing seismic retrofit policies, drawing insights from international experiences in building retrofits.

Abstract: Hydraulics is a fundamental branch of civil engineering that encompasses the study of fluid behavior and the design of hydraulic systems. It plays a crucial role in various applications such as water supply, wastewater management, drainage systems, and hydraulic structures. Mathematical formulas are essential tools in hydraulics, enabling engineers to analyze and design these systems accurately. These formulas allow for the calculation of critical parameters like flow rates, pressure drops, and velocities. Key formulas include the Bernoulli equation, Darcy-Weisbach equation, Manning’s equation, and others related to flow measurement, pipe flow, and hydraulic structures. Understanding hydraulics and mathematical formulas is vital for civil engineers to make informed decisions during the design process, optimizing system performance and ensuring the efficient management of water resources. By applying mathematical principles, engineers can tackle complex challenges and develop sustainable solutions for hydraulic engineering projects.

Abstract: Big Data and BIM offer distinct advantages to the construction industry. Big Data involves collecting and analyzing large volumes of data to optimize decision-making, enhance efficiency, and enable predictive analytics. It enables insights into project progress, resource allocation, and risk identification. BIM, on the other hand, focuses on creating a digital representation of a project, facilitating collaboration, clash detection, and efficient facility management. While Big Data complements BIM by providing additional insights, BIM remains the core methodology for digital representation and collaboration in construction. Together, they enhance construction processes and outcomes.

Abstract: The current state of digital engineering adoption falls short of its potential in terms of efficient data sharing and survey expertise in the field of civil engineering. There exists a disconnection between commercial management and geospatial surveyors, which has led to unsustainable practices in construction. To address this issue, our proposal emphasizes the importance of improved data management for sustainable growth in the construction industry. We believe that civil engineering surveyors should take the lead in bridging the gap between geospatial and commercial management through digital engineering, benefiting both the industry and society. To achieve this vision, the Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors (CICES) recognizes digital transformation as a crucial aspect for the future of the profession, ensuring its relevance beyond 2050. This paper identifies the barriers hindering the adoption of digital engineering, including information management, data sharing, and building information modeling (BIM) in infrastructure projects. It also outlines how surveyors can assess their digital maturity and take the necessary steps to overcome current and future challenges. In addition to individual efforts, this paper highlights the supportive roles of contracts, protocols, technology, education, training, standards, and professional bodies in enabling the desired change. A deeper understanding of the expertise of geospatial surveyors and commercial managers is crucial for informed decision-making in infrastructure projects. The paper recommends involving civil engineering surveyors earlier in the planning phase, as their input during this stage can significantly impact project outcomes. By understanding the required data, its accuracy, and its use in scenario planning, costing, scheduling, and monitoring, efficiency gains can be realized, leveraging the expertise of surveyors. The roles and engagement of surveyors throughout the project lifecycle are also outlined in the paper. The drafting of this paper involved the collaboration of over 30 surveyors, with the participation of industry bodies such as Survey4BIM, the UK BIM Alliance, Women in BIM, BIM4Heritage, and the BIM Academic Forum.

This article serves as a comprehensive guide to the world of jewellery, gemstones, and gold ingot sales, offering readers valuable insights and knowledge to navigate this intricate industry. It explores the art of jewellery-making, highlighting different materials and styles, while providing tips for selecting the perfect piece. The guide also delves into the realm of gemstones, discussing popular types, evaluating quality, and avoiding counterfeit items. Additionally, it delves into the allure of gold ingots as a secure investment, covering types, market trends, and best practices for buying, storing, and selling. The article emphasizes the importance of authenticity, ethical sourcing, and preserving valuable assets. It also offers guidance on selling jewellery, gemstones, and gold ingots, including avenues for resale and considerations for maximizing value. By equipping readers with comprehensive knowledge, this guide empowers them to make informed decisions and navigate the world of jewelleries, gemstones, and gold ingot sales with confidence.

Abstract: This article discusses the benefits of investing in developing countries, particularly in Africa, as a means of promoting economic growth and stability. The focus is on how governments and global companies are working together to improve the economic situation in Africa and how this can positively impact the global economy. The article highlights the potential for companies to access new markets and resources, as well as the social and environmental benefits that can come from promoting sustainable and responsible business practices. The overall message is that investing in developing countries can have far-reaching positive impacts for both local communities and the global community as a whole.

Abstract: This article explores the intersection of textiles and franchising in the modern world. With the use of financial automation and modeling, franchisees can streamline their financial processes and make data-driven decisions. Additionally, social media and “inspire” technology are powerful tools for brand building and customer engagement, which can lead to increased visibility and sales. The article discusses how these innovations are revolutionizing the textile industry and offers insights for textile entrepreneurs looking to position themselves for success in an increasingly competitive market.

Abstract: This handy guide is your quick reference to some of the key terms which are commonly used in describing BIM and its related processes, as well as your link to the key standards. If you or an organization you work with are using BIM, these terms will be familiar. This guide can be used by organizations across the supply chain. The global adoption of BIM continues to accelerate. Since the publication of the international standard ISO 19650, it is vital you understand the principles of information management.

Abstract: Modern human rights laws originate from agreements made by the international community in the immediate post Second World War years. The Universal Declaration on Human Rights 1948 is the first statement of these rights; it is a General Assembly Resolution and as such is not legally binding. These rights were brought into from as a regional instrument within the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950. These rights are legally binding by States that have ratified the Convention and in the present day can be enforced against governments of Member States of the Council of Europe by other states parties or by individuals within the jurisdiction of a Member State. The Human Rights Act 1998 illustrated a further commitment to human rights laws within the United Kingdom. It introduced the rights within the Convention into UK domestic law. This meant that complainants no longer need to take their case to the European Court on Human Rights to uphold their Convention rights, but could argue in a UK court that their human rights had been breached by government legislation. When a piece of legislation is challenged under human rights grounds the higher courts can either interpret the relevant law in accordance with the Convention right, or make a declaration of incompatibility if a provision was not capable of being interpreted in accordance with human rights guarantees. The Human Rights Act 1998 was introduced by the previous Labour government which was in power in the UK between 1997 and 2005. Since the Conservative party have taken power, both David Cameron and Teresa May have vowed to repeal the Human Rights Act 1998 and there has also been some discussion of withdrawing from the European Convention on Human Rights.